The referente of an Italian CER: who qualifies, what can be delegated

The soggetto referente (the referent) of an Italian renewable energy community (CER) can be the community itself, through the person holding its legal representation, or a member of the configuration, whether a producer or a final customer. A third party from outside the community can take the role in one case only: a producer with a plant inside the configuration that is also an ESCo certified under UNI CEI 11352. Everything else, that is the monthly operating work, can be handed to an external provider without moving the role itself.

This distinction, between who holds the role and who does the work, is in our view the one that causes the most confusion: in statutes, in commercial offers, and in the expectations of whoever is setting up a CER. It is worth fixing precisely, because it decides who signs with the GSE (the state energy services operator), who receives the money, and who answers for it.

What the referent actually does

The referent is the party charged with the technical and administrative management of the application for the autoconsumo diffuso service. It is the counterparty of the GSE contract under which the benefits are paid, the contact point for communications, and the account into which the GSE pays what the configuration earns: sums the referent then redistributes to members under the rules the statute and internal regulation have set.

Two practical consequences. First: the role is not honorific; it is the point of responsibility towards the GSE, member data processing included. Second: the cash flows through it, so the quality of the internal distribution (who gets what, on what evidence, on what schedule) is the referent's problem before it is the members'.

Who qualifies for the role

The GSE operating rules admit four cases:

• the community itself, through the natural person holding its legal representation by statute or deed of incorporation;
• a producer that is a member of the community;
• a final customer that is a member of the community;
• a third-party producer, not a member, with a plant whose energy counts in the configuration, provided it is an ESCo certified under UNI CEI 11352.

When the referent is not the community's own legal representative, a mandate without powers of representation is required: annual, tacitly renewable, revocable at any time. Revocability matters: the role can be reassigned without refounding the community, and a well-written statute says how.

The UNI CEI 11352 condition rules most service providers out of the role. An advisor, a software house or an administrative manager from outside the community cannot be your referent, whatever the pitch says, unless it is a UNI CEI 11352-certified ESCo that is also the producer of a plant in the configuration. Anyone proposing otherwise is proposing something the rules do not allow.

What can be delegated, and what cannot

What cannot move is title: the contract with the GSE and the responsibility towards it. The payments are due to the referent too. The operating rules do allow an assignment of the receivables, or a collection mandate, in favour of a third party, but only for all of the receivables, to a single party, by notarised deed on the GSE template, and only once the GSE has accepted it.

What can go outside is the work the role generates every month: acquiring and validating meter data, recomputing shared energy and contributions against what the GSE publishes, distributing among members, issuing individual statements, reporting. The binding calculation remains the GSE's: every month it makes available to the referent, on its portal, files with the hourly data used for the contributions. The operating rules themselves contemplate a delegated party responsible for the distribution of shared energy.

The sound structure is therefore: the referent stays inside the configuration (the community or a member), and leans on an external manager under a written engagement that defines tasks, data, timing and hand-back. The manager works; the referent signs and answers. If the manager disappears, the community loses a supplier, not its contract with the GSE.

It is the same logic we described in what to actually plan for after the GSE rules: governance written at the start decides the cost of every later change.

Where statutes can go wrong

Three defects that, in our view, are worth preventing in writing:

• The role assigned on enthusiasm. The initial referent is the most active promoter, with neither the statute nor the internal regulation saying how to replace them. At the first friction the community discovers the annual mandate is its only handle.
• The unwritten delegation. A provider does the monthly work de facto, with no engagement defining data, formats and hand-back. While things go well nobody notices; when the provider changes, the community finds it owns neither the history nor the calculation rules.
• Distribution without evidence. Funds land with the referent and leave according to a spreadsheet no member can reproduce. It is the first defect an audit, or an attentive member, finds.

Where Altheon stands, for clarity

Altheon is not an ESCo, holds no UNI CEI 11352 certification, and does not take the role of soggetto referente. We support those setting up a CER in its design: structure, governance and distribution rules. We also develop CER-Ops, software for those who run a CER, in its launch phase with invitation-only access. Management stays with the referent and the providers it engages; CER-Ops is there to make that work verifiable.

If you are drafting a CER statute or its distribution rules, write to us.

Sources

Definition, referent requirements and mandate: GSE, Comunità energetiche rinnovabili ↗ (page consulted on 2 October 2026) and the GSE CACER operating rules (version of 16 July 2025) ↗, Part II, sections 1.1.1, 1.2.2.1, 1.2.2.2, 2.2.1.3, 2.2.2 and 2.2.2.4. General framework: Legislative Decree 199 of 8 November 2021 ↗, MASE ministerial decree 414 of 7 December 2023 ↗ as amended, TIAD, Annex A to ARERA resolution 727/2022/R/eel of 27 December 2022, as amended by resolution 15/2024/R/eel ↗. Update of 2 October 2026: clarified that collection can pass to a third party through an assignment of receivables or a collection mandate, that the ESCo condition applies to parties outside the community, and that the binding calculation is the GSE's; the MASE FAQ on CERs, which did not cover the referent, has been replaced by links to the operating rules and the TIAD; Altheon's position no longer describes management services: it states support in designing the community and the development of CER-Ops. This article is not legal advice.