Renewable energy communities (CER)
Indicative CER incentive calculator.
It estimates the order of magnitude of the benefit that GSE grants in one year on the energy shared from a PV plant up to 1 MW inside an Italian renewable energy community (CER): the premium tariff (TIP) and the valorisation contribution, net of the fee covering GSE costs.
It does not estimate revenue from selling the energy, the cost of the plant or taxes, and it does not project the result onto later years. The result is always a range, never a single figure.
At a glance
- Rules applied
- in force on 2 October 2026
- Period
- one year of operation
- Plant
- photovoltaic, up to 1 MW
- Result
- range rounded to €100
- Sources
- MASE, GSE, ARERA, JRC, GME
Calculator
Four inputs, one range.
Non-binding estimate
Indicative, non-binding estimate based on the rules in force on 2 October 2026 and on wide ranges. The actual benefit depends on shared energy metered hour by hour, market prices and GSE checks. It is neither an offer nor advice: GSE determines and pays the amounts.
Indicative yearly estimate
Euro for one year of operation, with the rules in force on 2 October 2026.
4,500 to 11,600 euro a year
| Item | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| Premium tariff on shared energy | 4,000 | 10,700 |
| Valorisation contribution (ARERA) | 500 | 1,000 |
| Fee covering GSE costs, excluding VAT, deducted | 95 | 95 |
| Net benefit | 4,500 | 11,600 |
Premium tariff, valorisation and net benefit are rounded to €100; the GSE fee is shown unrounded. The net benefit is computed on unrounded values.
| Item | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| Production (MWh/year) | 112 | 137 |
| Shared energy (MWh/year) | 45 | 82 |
| Premium tariff applied (€/MWh) | 90 | 130 |
- Yield area
- North, 1,124 to 1,375 kWh/kW per year
- Power class
- up to 200 kW, fixed part €80/MWh
- PV correction
- +€10/MWh, northern regions
- Factor F
- 0, no grant
55% shared-energy threshold
The upper end of the chosen share is above the threshold. Above the threshold, the part of the premium tariff on the excess must go to consumers other than businesses or to social purposes. The total is not reduced: its destination is bound. GSE checks the share once a year.
Assumptions
- A single PV plant, new or repowered, up to 1 MW, in a CER whose members all sit under the same primary substation.
- All production is injected into the grid. Shared energy is, hour by hour, the lower of the energy injected and the energy drawn by the members; the shared-energy share is its yearly total as a fraction of production.
- Yield by geographic area from PVGIS (JRC): the minimum with horizontal modules, the maximum at optimal tilt, 14% system losses. It is not the yield of your site: in the mountains or with poor orientation it can fall below the minimum.
- Variable part of the premium tariff between 0 and 40 €/MWh: 0 if the hourly zonal price is always at least 180 €/MWh, 40 if it is always at most 140 €/MWh. No price forecast.
- With a capital grant, F grows linearly up to 0.50 for a grant of 40%, as Decree 414/2023 provides "in the generality of cases". The exempt share is applied proportionally.
- Valorisation contribution with the ARERA transmission tariff for 2026. No multi-year total: prices and fees change every year.
- The plant receives no other operating incentive and no Superbonus, and is not under net metering (scambio sul posto): the premium tariff cannot be cumulated with the former, and the contributions on shared energy are an alternative to the latter.
Method
How it is calculated, step by step.
The calculator applies the public formulas of Decree 414/2023, of the GSE operating rules and of the ARERA TIAD. Every step has two ends: the minimum combines the low values, the maximum the high ones.
Yearly production
power (kW) × yield (kWh/kW) ÷ 1,000 = MWh/year
The yield is the PVGIS range of the region's area: North, Centre, South or Islands.
Shared energy
production × shared-energy share = MWh/year
The minimum uses the low end of the chosen share, the maximum the high end. With all members under the same primary substation, the self-consumed energy on which the valorisation is computed equals the shared energy.
Premium tariff
(fixed part + variable part + PV correction) × (1 − F) = €/MWh
Fixed part: 80, 70 or 60 €/MWh by power (up to 200 kW, up to 600 kW, above). Variable part: max(0; 180 − hourly zonal price), capped at 40 €/MWh. PV correction: +10 €/MWh in the northern regions, +4 €/MWh in the central ones. GSE applies the formula hour by hour and the cap comes before the correction.
Reduction for a capital grant
F = 0.50 × intensity ÷ 0.40
F is 0 without a grant and 0.50 with a grant equal to 40% of the investment. It does not apply to energy shared by natural persons, territorial bodies, religious bodies, third-sector and environmental-protection bodies.
Valorisation contribution
shared energy × 11.90 €/MWh = €/year
The unit fee is the variable part of the transmission tariff for low-voltage users: 1.190 euro cents per kWh in 2026. ARERA updates it every year.
Fee covering GSE costs
€0 up to 3 kW; €15 up to 20 kW; €15 + €1 for every kW above 20; plus VAT
Paid every year, per plant. GSE invoices it with VAT and offsets it against the incentives; the calculation deducts it net of VAT, which is an extra cost for those who cannot recover it.
Net benefit
premium tariff + valorisation − GSE fee = €/year
The result is rounded to €100 and stays a range.
In the glossary: Premium tariff (TIP), Reduction factor F, Zonal price (Pz), Valorisation contribution (CACV), Shared energy, Primary substation.
Worked example
100 kW in Lombardy, shared energy 40 to 60% of production, no capital grant. It is the case the calculator opens with.
Premium tariff: (80 + 0 + 10) × (1 − 0) = 90 €/MWh at the minimum; (80 + 40 + 10) × (1 − 0) = 130 €/MWh at the maximum.
| Item | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| Yield (kWh/kW per year) | 1,124 | 1,375 |
| Production (MWh/year) | 112.4 | 137.5 |
| Shared energy (MWh/year) | 45.0 | 82.5 |
| Premium tariff (€/MWh) | 90 | 130 |
| Premium tariff on shared energy (€/year) | 4,046 | 10,725 |
| Valorisation contribution (€/year) | 535 | 982 |
| GSE fee, excluding VAT (€/year) | 95 | 95 |
| Net benefit (€/year) | 4,486 | 11,611 |
| Net benefit, rounded (€/year) | 4,500 | 11,600 |
The variable part and 2025 prices
In 2025 the average GME PUN Index was 115.94 €/MWh, with hourly prices from 0 to 289 €/MWh. A yearly average below 140 €/MWh does not tell what the variable part is worth: GSE computes it on every hour of shared energy. This is why the calculator uses the whole range, from 0 to 40 €/MWh.
GME, Newsletter no. 199, January 2026, 2025 annual report, pp. 2-3. Document of 16 January 2026 · checked on 2 October 2026
Sources
Parameters and sources, with dates.
Every value was read on the primary source and checked on 2 October 2026. The links lead to the document used.
Premium tariff
- Fixed part of the premium tariff
- 80 €/MWh up to 200 kW; 70 €/MWh above 200 and up to 600 kW; 60 €/MWh above 600 kW
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 7 December 2023, no. 414 (CACER Decree), signed text published by MASE, Annex 1, para. 1, letters a), b), c) (p. 23 of the PDF). Document of 7 December 2023 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Cap on fixed and variable part
- 120, 110 and 100 €/MWh for the same classes, before the correction
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 7 December 2023, no. 414 (CACER Decree), signed text published by MASE, Annex 1, para. 1, letters a), b), c) (p. 23 of the PDF). Document of 7 December 2023 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Variable part
- max(0; 180 − Pz), where Pz is the hourly zonal price
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 7 December 2023, no. 414 (CACER Decree), signed text published by MASE, Annex 1, para. 1 (p. 23 of the PDF). Document of 7 December 2023 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Hourly formula applied by GSE
- TIP_h = { min[CAP; TPbase + max(0; 180 − Pz)] + FCzonale } × (1 − F)
- GSE, Operating rules for the widespread self-consumption service and the PNRR grant (Annex 1), para. 2.2.2.1.2 (p. 41 of the PDF). Document of 16 July 2025 · checked on 2 October 2026
- PV correction
- +10 €/MWh in the northern regions; +4 €/MWh in the central regions; none elsewhere
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 7 December 2023, no. 414 (CACER Decree), signed text published by MASE, Annex 1, para. 2 (p. 23 of the PDF). Document of 7 December 2023 · checked on 2 October 2026
Capital grant
- Reduction factor F
- from 0 to 0.50, linear in the grant intensity
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 7 December 2023, no. 414 (CACER Decree), signed text published by MASE, Annex 1, para. 3 (pp. 23-24 of the PDF). Document of 7 December 2023 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Maximum cumulable grant intensity
- 40% of the investment
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 7 December 2023, no. 414 (CACER Decree), signed text published by MASE, art. 6(1) (p. 16 of the PDF). Document of 7 December 2023 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Energy exempt from the F reduction
- natural persons, territorial bodies, religious bodies, third-sector and environmental-protection bodies
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 16 May 2025, no. 127, amending Decree 414/2023, art. 1, letter f) (p. 6 of the PDF). Document of 16 May 2025 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Reference investment cost, where the measure sets none (Appendix E)
- 1,500 €/kW up to 20 kW; 1,200 €/kW up to 200 kW; 1,100 €/kW up to 600 kW; 1,050 €/kW up to 1,000 kW
- GSE, Operating rules for the widespread self-consumption service and the PNRR grant (Annex 1), para. 1.2.1.6 (p. 17 of the PDF) and Appendix E (p. 171 of the PDF). Document of 16 July 2025 · checked on 2 October 2026
- PNRR grant, application deadline
- 30 November 2025
- GSE, Web page "Configurazioni per l'autoconsumo diffuso" (widespread self-consumption). Web page · checked on 2 October 2026
Valorisation and fees
- Valorisation unit fee (TRAS_E, low voltage)
- 11.90 €/MWh in 2026
- ARERA, Resolution 573/2025/R/eel, Table 3 (TRAS components), TABELLE.xlsx file, row d) "Other low-voltage users", year 2026. Document of 23 December 2025 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Valorisation contribution for CERs
- self-consumed energy × unit fee
- ARERA, TIAD, Annex A to Resolution 727/2022/R/eel, as amended by Resolution 15/2024/R/eel, art. 6, paras. 6.3(a) and 6.4 (pp. 14-15 of the PDF). Document of 27 December 2022, text updated with the resolution of 30 January 2024 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Shared and self-consumed energy
- every hour, the lower of injected and withdrawn energy; the part referred to points under the same primary substation is self-consumed
- ARERA, TIAD, Annex A to Resolution 727/2022/R/eel, as amended by Resolution 15/2024/R/eel, art. 1(1), letters r) and t) (p. 5 of the PDF). Document of 27 December 2022, text updated with the resolution of 30 January 2024 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Fee covering GSE costs
- €0 up to 3 kW; €15 up to 20 kW; above, €15 plus €1 for every additional kW; per year, per plant, plus VAT
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 15 March 2024, no. 106, fees covering GSE costs, Annex 1, letter a), and Annex 2, letter a). Document of 15 March 2024 · checked on 2 October 2026
Conditions and limits
- Maximum power per plant
- 1,000 kW
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 7 December 2023, no. 414 (CACER Decree), signed text published by MASE, art. 3(2)(a) (p. 14 of the PDF). Document of 7 December 2023 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Plants above 1 MW
- valorisation contribution only
- GSE, Web page "Configurazioni per l'autoconsumo diffuso" (widespread self-consumption). Web page · checked on 2 October 2026
- Destination threshold of the excess
- 55% of injected energy; 45% with a capital grant
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 7 December 2023, no. 414 (CACER Decree), signed text published by MASE, art. 3(2)(g) and Annex 1, para. 4 (pp. 14 and 24 of the PDF). Document of 7 December 2023 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Duration of the right to the tariff
- 20 years from commercial operation
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 7 December 2023, no. 414 (CACER Decree), signed text published by MASE, art. 4(3) and 4(7) (pp. 14-15 of the PDF). Document of 7 December 2023 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Period of application of the premium tariff
- until the thirtieth day after 5 GW of incentivised power is reached, and in any case not after 31 December 2027
- MASE, Ministerial Decree 7 December 2023, no. 414 (CACER Decree), signed text published by MASE, art. 1(2) (p. 11 of the PDF). Document of 7 December 2023 · checked on 2 October 2026
- Cumulation
- not cumulable with other operating incentives or with the Superbonus; alternative to net metering
- GSE, Web page "Corrispettivi e tariffa" (fees and tariff). Web page · checked on 2 October 2026
Yield
The yield areas and the sample provincial capitals are Altheon's choice: North and Centre as in Decree 414/2023, South (Campania, Molise, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria) and Islands (Sicily, Sardinia). The values are those returned by PVGIS.
- Yield, North
- 1,124 to 1,375 kWh/kW per year
- JRC, PVGIS, API v5.3, PVcalc service, Milan and Verona: minimum Milan with horizontal modules, maximum Verona at optimal tilt. PVGIS queries: minimum, maximum. PVGIS-SARAH3 database, 2005-2023 averages · checked on 2 October 2026
- Yield, Centre
- 1,159 to 1,504 kWh/kW per year
- JRC, PVGIS, API v5.3, PVcalc service, Florence and Rome: minimum Florence with horizontal modules, maximum Rome at optimal tilt. PVGIS queries: minimum, maximum. PVGIS-SARAH3 database, 2005-2023 averages · checked on 2 October 2026
Market context, outside the calculation
- Day-ahead market prices in 2025
- average GME PUN Index 115.94 €/MWh; hourly prices from 0 to 289 €/MWh
- GME, Newsletter no. 199, January 2026, 2025 annual report, pp. 2-3. Document of 16 January 2026 · checked on 2 October 2026
Limits
What stays out of the calculation.
- A typical share of shared energy: no primary source gives one, which is why you choose it.
- Revenue from selling the injected energy, to GSE under the dedicated withdrawal scheme or on the market: the energy stays with the producer and is a separate revenue (Decree 414/2023, art. 4(2)).
- The costs of the plant and of its operation, financing, and the tax treatment of tariff and valorisation.
- Module degradation, downtime and shading: the PVGIS range does not include them.
- Conventional losses on injected energy: for widespread self-consumption, injected energy is measured net of the conventional loss coefficients of the ARERA TIS (TIAD, art. 1); their values are not modelled.
- Future zonal prices: no forecast, the whole range of the variable part is used.
- Since 1 October 2025 the day-ahead market has 15-minute prices (GME). How GSE derives the hourly zonal price of the tariff from them has not been verified; with the range from 0 to 40 €/MWh the estimate does not change.
- The transmission tariff from 2027: ARERA has not published it yet.
- The part of the tariff with a bound destination above the 55% threshold (45% with a grant): the calculator flags the threshold but does not split the amounts.
- Plants above 1 MW and configurations other than a CER, such as groups of self-consumers and remote self-consumption: for groups the valorisation has further components (TIAD, art. 6).
- Mandatory capacity: if the plant also serves to meet the obligation to integrate renewables in buildings, the premium tariff is due only on the capacity above the mandatory capacity, while the valorisation contribution covers the whole plant (GSE operating rules, para. 1.2.1.4). The calculator does not apply this reduction.
- The capacity still available: the premium tariff applies until the thirtieth day after 5 GW of incentivised power is reached, and in any case not after 31 December 2027 (Decree 414/2023, art. 1(2)). The calculator does not check it.
- Multi-year totals: the right to the tariff lasts 20 years from commercial operation (Decree 414/2023, art. 4), but prices and fees change every year. Multiplying the estimate by 20 does not give a reliable figure.
Further reading
Beyond the estimate.
Frequently asked questions on CERs
Recurring questions on energy communities, each with its source.
Glossary
Definitions of the terms used on this page, with their source.
CER-Ops simulator
For members of an energy community, or people considering joining one: the public simulator at cerops.altheon.it. The CER-Ops platform is in its launch phase, with invitation-only access.
Let's talk
For a specific case, write to us.
An estimate for your case starts from the members' hourly consumption, the primary substation and the plant data. Write to us with what you already have. We reply within two business days.